Conflict Resolution Theories and Strategies

encounter block Theories and Strategies encroach Re solution strifeAccording to oxford dictionary the word contravene is defined as1 A serious dissonance or argument.2 A pro pertinacioused armed struggle.3 An incompatibility between opinions, principles, etc appointment cannister be described as a dis sympathy between the parties, it arises due to lack of consensus between the parties. Conflict can arise due to various facts which can cramp the development in whatsoever sort of activity, generally it is shitd due to* Rigidity of rules and regulations* Inflexibility of the parties* Lack of cooperation and understanding between the infringeing parties* Due to the vary behaviorA negate is a normal situation to happen as it is the human record which is so varied and dynamic that mortals with same perception astir(predicate) integrity thing whitethorn end up in a fighting over the late(prenominal) and Participants in difference of opinions tend to respond on the ter ra firma of their perceptions of the situation. People generally base their perceptions over their values, culture, beliefs, information, experience, gender, and other vari equals. Conflict responses atomic number 18 both filled with ideas and feelings that can be very strong and powerful guides to our sense impression of possible solutions. Conflicts, to a large extent, are predictable and anticipateable situations that indispensablely arise as we go on managing the complex projects in which we have importantly invested. As such, if we are able to develop procedures for identifying counterpoints which are likely to arise, as advantageously as systems through which we can creatively manage those involutions, we whitethorn be able to find go forth new opportunities that can transform our interlocking into a productive result.Stephens P Robbins in his book Organizational Behaviour defines conflict as Conflict is a figure come out in which an effort is purposefully made by whizz person or unit to block whatever other that results in frustrating the attainment of others goals or the furthering of his or her interestsIndustrial conflictIndustrial conflict refers to all the expressions of dissatisfaction which arise in an employment. in that location are umteen different kinds of industrial conflict, which can be divided into deuce broad classes1 Formal. 2 In perfunctoryFormal industrial conflict is an organized carriage of conflict through a Trade union. It is characterised by organized strikes, which is referred to withdrawal of labour so as to constitute a temporary breach of contract, utilize the collective strength of the engageforce to avoid sanctions and achieve personal objective of increase in pay or improved working conditions. Strikes may be reinforced by other types of formal tactics such as go-slow tactics and work to rule.Informal industrial conflict is non systematic or organized, it results directly from grievances, which arise at various situations. An intimate industrial conflict includes protesting through absenteeism, frequent job-changing, negligence, and even accidents at work. An informal industrial conflict has sort of more severe effects on the organization than a formal industrial conflict Industrial sociologists have also regarded spontaneous walk-outs and strikes as examples of informal industrial conflict. The idea of informal industrial conflict thus draws attention to the roots of behaviour which may appear strange from the point of view of management.A conflict can arise in a company as humans of varied perception are working under a superstar group, but a managing director should be able to anticipate conflicts as he is given a responsibility to handle the conflict, thus it is the duty of managers non only to provide solutions to industrial problems but also to predict the future conflicts by anticipating them in advance and coming up with a solution well in time so that the product ivity of the firm is not affected due to the conflictFunctional and dysfunctional aspects of conflicts more or less experts today view conflicts as a useful aspect of an organization. It is claimed that the conflict helps in preventing the stagnation and provide new ideas and solutions to various sales outlets, it also stimulates interest and curiosity. But a conflict is stabilizing to a level where it is minimum and can be turn backd easily, therefore it is necessary to keep a proper control of conflict by keeping it at a minimum level, as it helps an organization in the following directions1 It acts as a stimulant for change in the systems which are not conductive to the organization. The existence of conflict means that there is some thing wrong with the systems, therefore it helps us in improving the systems well forward in time as it can lead the organization to losses.2 Conflict sometimes may lead to innovation and creativity as in a conflicting environment concourse tend to put forward imaginative suggessions to solve the problems. In such a challenging situation people usually think before they put forward their ideas to resolve issues.3 Conflict can be used as a source of trim d have the tension and frustration as people express their frustrations by means of conflict. It helps people to bring them back to their normal situation which can be honest for the firm.While the positives of a conflict are few and limited, its negatives are abundant and may be severe for an organization. Conflict to an extent of healthy competition may be beneficial but when it exceeds that level it becomes noxious. Organizational conflicts have led to the closure of many organizations or has turned their profits into losses. Conflict may cause disequilibrium in an organization, it may lead to diversion of resources from constructive to the destructive activities also it is one of the major cause of stress and tension in an organization which leads to the mitigat e of overall productivity. These destructive causes by conflict are also known as dysfunctional aspects of conflict. But it is believed by certain scholars that Conflict itself does not construct a problem, although it is the mismanagement of a conflict that can lead to a problem. consequently the negatives of conflict overweigh its positives and an organization should try to remove the conflict from its very elemental roots so as to sustain in the long run therefore the companies adopt various methods to resolve conflicts, but as a manager you should perpetually give priority to that method which assures that the same conflict is not outlet to arise in the nerve. The process of removing organizational conflict is known as conflict closedown.Conflict ResolutionConflict small town is the process of reaching an agreement between the parties which are having a conflict or it is a process of reaching a consensus and improve the cooperation between the conflicting parties, conflic t annunciation is a way to overcome the problems of conflict. Conflict gag law includes strategies that help in discussion the disputes between the conflicting parties. A given conflict should be viewed from the point of view of the issues that had led to its creation in baseball club to resolve it and ensure that the conflict does not arise on the same grounds again. Thus conflict resolution refers to strategies of disposing off or settling disputes which may otherwise lead to military group or damage the relationship between various people, so it is eternally purify to diffuse and resolve conflict before it damages the relations. talks as a Method of conflict resolution.Methods of conflict resolution were originally developed for purposes of business management gradually these were used in the fields of international relations, court-ordered settings etc. According to the principles of conflict resolution, the only true solution to a conflict is one that attempts to satisf y the inherent necessarily of all the parties involved. Thus an organisation should adopt such a method for conflict resolution that comes up with a solution for all the parties, it should come up with a resolution that satisfies the unavoidably of all of them, because only those methods of resolving conflicts irradiates it and leaves less scope for the rise of conflict on the same issue.Thus to resolve organizational conflicts negotiation is the best way in which it can be resolved, as it is through negotiations that the objective of both the parties are considered and a point of consensus is reached through mutual negotiation by the parties. NegotiationNegotiation is one of the close useful approach used to install decisions to resolve organizational disputes. Negotiation is the most diverse approach to conflict resolution. Most conflict resolution programs employ some form of negotiation as the primary method of talk between parties. Hence it is also the major construct blo ck for many other alternative conflict resolution procedures, as it guides the organization to resolve disputes in one way or the other. Negotiation in an organization occurs between, managers and staff, employers and employees, professionals and clients, within and between organizations and between agencies and the public. Negotiation is a problem-solving technique in which two or more people who are in conflict with each other discuss their oddments and issues so as to reach a joint decision on their common cautions. Negotiation requires participants to identify issues about which they differ, devise each other about their needs and interests, generate possible settlement options and bargain over the scathe of the final agreement. In todays competitive environment negotiation is such a common problem-solving procedure that it is in everyones interest to be familiar with negotiating skills.Conflict resolution through negotiation is that it helps in* Reduction of the obstacles to talk* Maximized exploration of the alternatives to resolving the conflict* Satisfaction of everyones needs* Developing negotiating channel to stop future conflicts* Establishment of a model for future conflict resolutionReview of literature scam 1 Conflict ResolutionThe author of this article has elaborated that there are certain persons who hate conflicts based on their personality, the author believes that for everything there is a right time or in other words, timing is critical, in todays competitive world you should not just do the right thing but do the same at the right time. Before getting into conflict you should be able to answer three underlying questions. Is the other fellowship doing something that is getting in the way of your happiness or success, is the issue of such importance that the conflict should be raised, is the conflict with that person going to resolve the issue.. when all of the above queries give a positive answer you should then decide to go for ac tion but it is advisable to first snap the whole situation and then make a decisionAbstract 2 Workplace conflict resolution This article provides that the prime cause of the work place conflict is due to the organization leaders who are responsible for creating an environment of disagreements and differences of opinion. In order to prevent the organisation from loss the managers should try to resolve through their intervention. This articles provides us with dos and donts in Conflict Resolution which can help in resolving a conflict in a better way.Resolving a conflict is challenging, however as a manager or supervisor, the role of mediator comes with your job. Your willingness to appropriately intervene sets the stage for resolution of conflict. And you should always remember to resolve the conflict in a manner that it is fully resolved.Abstract 3 Creating a Respectful Workplace Workplace Conflict Resolution StrategiesThis article provides that people should feel good at the place where they go to work everyday, and different opinions regarding work may arise which may lead to conflict, and a respectable work place emphasise on implementation of study conflict resolution strategies . companies establish policies with an intention of preventing workplace conflict but its not a complete solution for the prevention of conflicts. However it is through continues interaction between people working in the organization with managers which can create a good work environment with an emphasis on the organisational culture. By developing such a healthy work environment you may be able to know the situation well in advance and devise strategies to prevent the conflict with a proactive approach.Abstract 4 Organizational Conflict The Good, The unfavourable The UglyAn organization in general does not consider a conflict as a way of getting the information from subordinates so that they may take corrective action before the worst. Organizations consider conflicts as unpl easant and time-consuming. Though organizational conflicts need not be destructive provided conflict is flop managed and directed towards resolving the issue. However the management of conflict requires that the persons in conflict are able to understand the purpose and root cause of conflict. A conflict can be constructive if it is properly managed, it can lead towards the organizational and individual amazeth. But when there is a mismanagement of a conflict it becomes destructive for the firm as well as its employees, usually the mismanagement of conflict arises when a conflict is avoided.Abstract 5 Is Conflict Prevention the Same As Conflict AvoidanceA conflict can be resolved through logical approach or the emotional approach . the basic difference between avoiding and preventing the conflict is that preventing refers to use of precautions in order to keep a person away from conflict whereas avoidance means not to take cathexis of the consequences and letting the conflict to grow instead than acting in the manner to prevent the conflict. A conflict can be destructive or constructive in its nature, a conflict is made destructive by not properly shouting the problems associated with it or by avoiding the conflict, however if it is managed properly or duly taken care of or prevented at the right time, it can prove to be constructive for an organization. Conflict prevention is not however binding a person to listen to the other party even if we disagree, a person should rather clarify about every issue in which there is a disagreement which otherwise may act as a base of some other conflict. we should always approach the conflict with a positive approach, that a conflict has come into existence due to its importance and try to prevent the conflict in the future a conflict should not be however avoided so as to bring out positive results. Abstract 6 Resolving conflict rationally and stronglyEffective conflict resolution skills of a manager can make the difference between its outcomes which may be positive or negative, on the other hand, if conflict is not handled efficiently, the results can be destructive. Thus a conflict should be resolved rationally and effectively as when a conflict gets mismanaged its effect is devastating for the firm on the whole. Thomas and Kilmann provided us with five ports of dealing with conflict which are. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict styles (TKI) help us to identify, various style towards which people tend to move as the conflict arises* Competitive style is used for the situation to prevent the exploitation by the other party* Collaborative style is used when the people cooperate effectively to satisfy almost all people involved* Compromising style where a solution that will at least partially satisfy everyone* Accommodating style where one party sacrifice to meet the needs of others.* Avoiding the conflictThese styles may be used in resolving the conflicts, conflict management styles tend to come o ut with a solution to various conflicts, however different styles are different in their approach of resolving conflicts and may suit different situations.Abstract 7 Type related conflictsConflict at work occurs due to a number of reasons, this article has explained the type of conflicts, through describing conflicts between extraversion- intussusception, and Sensing-Intuition. People who prefer Extraversion work at a rapid pace. They develop their ideas by talking to individuals, resulting in frequent changes of direction during the course of a discussion. People who prefer Introversion want to process internally and do not share with others the course of action planned by them informally hence they rely on their own judgement only. This results in Extraverts seeing Introverts as people who are not interested in work, while Introverts see Extraverts as the people who lose out all the secrets of an organization. this may lead to the conflicts between Extraverts and Introverts Simila rly people consider Sensing and Intuition to base their decisions, people who prefer Sensing comes with a solution whose implementation may not be accepted by the person who bases their decisions on Intuition. Thus this may be the base for the conflict between the parties.Abstract 8 How to Resolve ConflictConflict at work occurs due to a number of reasons, this article has explained the type of conflicts, through describing conflicts which arise at the workplace due to the varying behaviour and varying solution to problems based on their Thinking-Feeling and Judging-Perceiving the decisions of the people who work in the organization may vary due to their varied decisions to the problems based on their Thinking-Feeling and Judging-Perceiving which creates conflicting situations between the parties as People who prefer thinking may not accept the solutions to the problem which is based on thinking and people who base their decisions on judging may not accept perceived solutions which may lead to conflict at the workplaceAbstract 9 Ethical Conflict Resolution / Anger Management TipsThis article is based on the management of anger while resolving conflicts. The author bases conflict is natural according to the varied human behaviour but we can resolve the same by knowing about human nature, and if we consider the human nature there may be the better the outcome for parties in conflict. The author has given tips to resolve conflicts which includeBe proactive instead of being reactive to the situation.Control your angerDo not tell people directly that they are wrongLook for mutual solutionAdmit that if there were any wrong decions made by your sideBefore telling people they are wrong admit your mistakes on the sameAbstract 10 canonic Negotiating Tips This article provides us with some basic negotiation principles, skills, hints and tips in order to have a negotiation between conflicting parties. Negotiation should be a two way process, it should not come up with the benifet of one party at the cost of the other. Through negotiation we should be able to understand the needs of the other party. When we talk about negotiation we should never blame the other person for the cause of conflict rather we should be able to come up with a solution by mutual cooperation. If the negotiating parties blame each other in negotiating, they can create the worst situation. The author has also provided with some negotiation tips which may be helpful to negotiate the conflict.* Respect the Perspective of the other party.* Determine your Needs clearly without creating confusion.* Come up with Options Beforehand in order to resolve conflict.* Dont Argue with the other party* Consider Timing of negotiation as regarding the situation of the conflictAbstract 11 Understanding and Managing ConflictIt has been give tongue to that the Chinese symbol for conflict is a combination of the symbols for opportunity and danger. This suggests that, at least in the Chinese cul ture, conflict includes the opportunity for resolution, and carries significant consequences if it is not resolved. Conflict generally falls into one of three levels.Level 1. Cant We Just Get AlongLevel 2 I Intend to Win.Level 3 I Will Make You Hurt. makeing the right third-party intervener, whether an attorney, a mediator or an arbitrator, is the most critical part in predicting the success of a conflict resolution process. understanding the basics of conflict resolution, and by implementing the strategies appropriate to the situation, a person in conflict can find ways to successfully resolve the conflict and take the danger out of the Chinese character, leaving an opportunity for growth and learning.Abstract 12 Conflict ResolutionConflict can be viewed as a difference in perspectives what you see, think, feel, and believe may be different from what I see, think, feel, and believe. While conflict can be a positive influence, it is not necessarily something that people want to face every day. As the saying goes, too much of a good thing is ? well, too much. Conflict should therefore be resolved keeping in view win-win strategy which involves collaboration and negotiation. It is based on interests rather than positions One way that people grow is through overcoming challenges and developing good problem-solving skills. And if work environments support new ideas and encourage constructive criticism in an open, blame-free setting, problem-solving skills are encouraged and nurtured. As leaders and professionals, we can facilitate and support a win-win problem-solving workplaceAbstract 13 Conflict resolution Conflict from the Latin root to strike together can be defined as any situation where incompatible activities, feelings, or intentions occur together. Conflict may take place within one person, between two or more people who know each other, or between large groups of people who do not know each other. the conflict may remain unexpressed, as in avoidance and d enial A given conflict may be defined in terms of the issues that caused it, the strategies used to address it, or the outcomes or consequences that follow from it. conflict resolution refers specifically to strategies of diffusion developed during the second half of the twentieth century as alternatives to traditional judicial proceeding models of settling disputes. Based on the idea that it is better to expose and resolve conflict before it damages peoples relationships or escalates into violence, methods of conflict resolution were developed in business management and gradually adopted in the fields of international relations, legal settings, and, during the 1980s, educational settings.Abstract 14 Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution is an umbrella terms that covers may different methods that can be used to resolve the conflict. While everything a person does toward ending the conflict, no matter how unfortunate, is technically a form of conflict resolution, conflict resolutio n is also commonly called ADR which stands for Alternative Dispute Resolution. Common Types of Conflict Resolution areNegotiation mediationArbitrationAbstract 15 Conflict Negotiation Strategies Negotiations are the key to reaching agreement in a conflict situation. Without the proper training, it can be very difficult to reach a satisfactory agreement with your counterpart in a tense negotiation setting. Conflict arises because you and the other party in a business deal have differing opinions about what solution is the best outcome for a particular situation. It might be the wording of a contract, or the terms of a sale.One of the most important skills a negotiator will learn in training is formulating a clear objective of what to expect from the process of negotiating. You can also achieve a successful conflict negotiation by first beginning to reach an agreement on some small issues. Once you have some agreement, begin to build on this. By doing so, it may help you to achieve the ultimate resolution that you desire.Abstract 16 Two Common Mistakes in Negotiation Many people make two mistakes regarding their thinking about negotiation. One is the belief that negotiation is a formal event, such as a meeting at a conference table. This blinds them to the fact that they are negotiating all the time. Another is that they associate negotiations with money. The truth is, most negotiations dont concern money. Negotiations are about relationships decisions. At a personal level, at work, or between countries, specifics may vary, but negotiation is about improving the quality of life. Negotiations may be connected with a person PersonallyProfessionallyFor the CompanyGlobally within between countries most actions are the result of negotiations, the negotiations of our leaders determine the world our children grandchildren will inherit.Abstract 17 Conflict and Negotiation The gradual shift over the last years form a focus on resolution to a focus on settlement has had an important implication for the conflict field. It has increased the importance of understanding negotiation. One of the ways for effective conflict settlement is enlightened self interest (Robin J.Z. 1989) which is a behaviour that allows moving towards your objectives in negotiation, and at the same time make it possible for other party to approach his/her goal. It is tempting for parties to a conflict to begin by experimenting with a set of adversarial, confrontational in the hope that these will work. People usually make a mistake by thinking why not give hard bargaining a try a first Negotiation is one of the tools that help settling a conflict I would even say that also one with the most creative opportunities. Negotiators have well-recognized interests in the outcome, either in getting a settlement It is always better to try negotiating the conflict first than give it away and let an arbitrator decide about a solution.Abstract 18 Negotiation Conflict Styles Conflict sit uations occur when the needs of two or more negotiators appear to be incompatible or opposite. There are five models of resolving conflicts, All five profiles of dealing with conflict are useful in different situations. Although were capable of using all five, most of us tend to have one or two preferred negotiation conflict styles that we use unconsciously in most conflict situations. postulate (I win You lose) Accommodate (I Lose You Win) Avoid (I Lose You Lose) Compromise (I Lose / Win Some You Lose / Win Some) Collaborate (I Win You Win)Abstract 19 Summary Conflict Negotiation Psychological Dynamics Conflict in negotiation may have a psychological basis that doesnt fully army itself at the negotiation table. There are many reasons why people respond defensively, or with some measure of hostility. We have to engage in communication to better understand the underlying reason behind this behaviour. A cooperative atmosphere can only be engendered when both parties think cooper atively, and believe that the other party will abide by any agreement they reach. It always takes one party to act first by being collaborative. Negotiators must always strive to fully understand the real interests that lay behind the position.Abstract 20 What Is Win-Win Negotiation? We need to appreciate that not just any agreement leads to a win-win scenario or outcome in our negotiations. In reality, very few negotiations reach this inspirational and theoretical ideal. Time constraints all too often straight-jacket how long and far we can explore. Attitudes, positions and skills set invisible boundaries that constrain what we see as possible. Win-win deals are more likely when set up correctly through effective use of framing, research and building relationships at the right levels. If a win-win approach is appropriate, its essential that we remember to pursue a win-win agreement for both parties.Abstract 21 Conflict Cooperation In The Workplace Is Conflict Bad? Many of us thin k that conflict is always bad. Thats not true. There are actually two kinds of conflict that occur, and learning which is which will help you handle each type better. how it works, how to avoid it, and how to deal with it when it occurs. It is indeed the rare organization that doesnt have to face the issue of conflict, In the workplace (and almost any setting), you are likely to find two forms of conflict. The first is conflict about decisions, ideas, directions and actions. We will call this substantive conflict since it deals with disagreements about the substance of issues. The second form, personalized conflict is often called a personality conflict. In this form, the two parties simply dont like each other much. ascendent Strategies Identification Move To Substantive Issues Work To Prevent PersonalizationAbstract 22 How to Negotiate a Win-Win Conflict Resolution Once co workers get stuck in the points of disagreement, progress is stalled, and the team suffers. In these situatio ns, teams need a step-by-step framework for conflict resolution, to move them from breakdown to breakthrough, these steps include Determine the real problem, Identify goals, Generate other options, Examine the options and select one, Implementation and Set a review date.Abstract 23 Resolving Conflict in Work Teams As organizations continue to restructure work teams, the need for training in conflict resolution will grow. Conflict arises from differences, and when individuals come together in teams, their differences in terms of power, values, and attitudes contribute to the creation of conflict. To avoid the negative consequences that can result from disagreements, most methods of resolving conflict stress the importance of dealing with disputes quickly and openly. Conflict is not necessarily destructive, however. When managed properly, conflict can result in benefits for a team. Conflict in work teams is not necessarily destructive, however. Conflict can lead to new ideas and appro aches to organizational processes, and increased interest in dealing with problems.Abstract 24 Methods of Conflict Resolution There are a number of different conflict resolution methods and tools that are available for people who are dealing with conflict. Conflict resolution methods usually involve talking the problem through and making sacrifices and compromises rather than inciting violence and fighting over the problem. Conflict Resolution Methods and PrinciplesThink Before You React Actively Listen Promise a Fair Process filter out to Attack the Problem Take Responsibility Communicate Directly Find True Interests Be Future-Focused Explore Options for Mutual AdvancementAbstract 25 Conflict Resolution Tips Although conflict is something that is unavoidable in our lives, conflict is quite full of opportunities. Still, conflict resolution is stressful and often frustrating without the right conflict resolution tips. If you want to commit yourself to conflict resolution, consider t he conflict resolution tipsBe RespectfulControl your EmotionsUse a Structured Process for Hot base InteractionsUnderstand WillinglyCommunicate Openly and Hon